mountaineer arunima sinha story

Mountaineer Arunima Sinha

अपनी कमजोरी को ही ताकत बना लेना ऐसा मिशाल कोई अरुणिमा सिन्हा से ही सीख सकता है वो कहते है न की जब हमारे इरादे बुलन्द हो तो एवेरेस्ट सरीखा चट्टान भी हमारे लक्ष्य को डिगा नही सकता ऐसा ही कारनामा अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने भी कर दिया जो की अपनी जिंदगी से हार मानने वालो के लिए भी एक सबक है

क्या आप कल्पना कर सकते है जिस महिला को लूटने के इरादे से आधी रात में चलती ट्रेन से लूटने का प्रयास किया जाय वो उस महिला से जीत न पाने की वजह से चलती ट्रेन से बाहर फेक दिया जाय इतना ही नही फेकने के बाद पटरियों में अपने पैर जो महिला गवा दे क्या ऐसी महिला एवेरेस्ट को भी फतह कर लेगी लेगी ऐसा कारनामा एवेरेस्ट से भी ऊँचा हौसला रखने वाली महिला अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने सच कर दिखाया है

अरुणिमा सिन्हा का जन्म सन 1988 में भारत के उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के अम्बेडकर नगर जिले के शहजादपुर इलाके के पंडाटोला मुह्हले में हुआ था बचपन से वालीवाल में रूचि रखने वाली अरुणिमा सिन्हा भारत को अंतराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पहचान दिलाना इनका मुख्य ध्येय था

जैसे जैसे समय बीतता गया अरुणिमा सिन्हा अपनी पढ़ाई को पूरी करते हुए अरुणिमा सिन्हा की पहचान राष्ट्रिय स्तर पर वालीवाल खिलाडी के रूप में होने लगी . इसी कड़ी में वे अपने Carreer में आगे बढ़ती गयी लेकिन जिंदगी में तमाम परेशानीयो का सामना करना पड़ा लेकिन अरुणिमा सिन्हा हर मौके को अपनी सफलता के रूप में भुनाया

वो कहते है न दोस्तों हर किसी के जीवन में कभी कभी ऐसा भी वक्त आता है जो इंसान के जीवन को बदलकर रख  देता है ऐसा ही कुछ अरुणिमा सिन्हा के साथ भी हुआ जो अरुणिमा सिन्हा 11 अप्रैल 2011 की वो काली रात कभी नही भूल सकती

अरुणिमा सिन्हा 11 अप्रैल 2011 को पद्मावती एक्सप्रेस (Padmavati Express) से लखनऊ से दिल्ली जा रही थी रात के लगभग एक बजे कुछ शातिर अपराधी ट्रैन के डिब्बो में दाखिल हुए और अरुणिमा सिन्हा को अकेला देखकर उनके गले की चैन छिनने का प्रयास करने लगे जिसका विरोध अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने किया तो उन शातिर चोरो ने अरुणिमा सिन्हा को चलती हुई ट्रैन बरेली के पास बाहर फेक दिया जिसकी वजह से अरुणिमा सिन्हा का बाया पैर पटरियों के बीच में आ जाने से कट गया पूरी रात अरुणिमा सिन्हा कटे हुए पैर के साथ दर्द से चीखती चिल्लाती रही लगभग 40 – 50 ट्रैन गुजरने के बाद पूरी तरह से अरुणिमा सिन्हा अपने जीवन की आस खो चुकी थी लेकिन शायद अरुणिमा सिन्हा के जीवन के किस्मत को कुछ और ही मंजूर था

फिर लोगो को इस घटना के पता चलने के बाद इन्हें नई दिल्ली (New Delhi) के AIIMS में भर्ती कराया गया जहा अरुणिमा सिन्हा अपने जिंदगी और मौत से लगभग चार महीने तक लड़ती रही और जिंदगी और मौत के जंग में अरुणिमा सिन्हा की जीत हुई और फिर अरुणिमा सिन्हा के बाये पैर को कृत्रिम पैर के सहारे जोड़ दिया गया

अरुणिमा सिन्हा के इस हालत को देखकर डॉक्टर भी हार मान चुके थे और उन्हें आराम करने की सलाह दे रहे थे जबकि परिवार वाले और रिस्तेदारो के नजर में अब अरुणिमा सिन्हा कमजोर और विंकलांग हो चुकी थी लेकिन अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने अपने हौसलो में कोई कमी नही आने दी और किसी के आगे खुद को बेबस और लाचार घोसित नही करना चाहती थी

जब अरुणिमा सिन्हा (Arunima Sinha) पूरी तरह से ठीक हो गयी तो उन्होंने तुरन्त अपने हौसलो को एक नई उड़ान देने के लिए दुनिया के सबसे उची चोटी माउंट एवरेस्ट को फतह करने का मन ठान लिया

जरा सोचिये जो शरीर से हष्टपुष्ट होता है उसके भी पैर एवेरेस्ट फतह के नाम से डगमगाने लगते है ऐसे में अगर कोई भी अरुणिमा सिन्हा के इस फैसले को सुनता तो दातो तले ऊँगली दबा लेता.

लेकिन अरुणिमा सिन्हा के हौसला माउंट एवरेस्ट से भी ऊँचा था और अपनी इसी इच्छा को पूरी करने के लिए वे एवेरेस्ट फतह करने वाली प्रथम भारतीय महिला बछेंद्री पाल /Bachendri Pal से मिलने जमशेदपुर जा पहुची

अरुणिमा सिन्हा के इस हालत को देखते हुए पहले बछेन्द्री पाल ने उन्हें आराम करने की सलाह दी लेकिन अरुणिमा सिन्हा के बुलन्द हौसलो के वे नतमस्तक हो गयी और बोली तुमने तो अपने हौसलो तो एवरेस्ट से भी उचे है बस इसे अपनी तुम्हे अपनी फतह की तारीख लिखनी है

इसके बाद अरुणिमा सिन्हा बछेंद्री पाल की निगरानी में लेह से नेपाल, लद्दाख में पर्वतारोहण के गुर सीखी फिर पूरी तरह से तैयार होने के बाद अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने एक नए इतिहास लिखने की तैयारी में 31 मार्च 2013 को मांउट एवेरेस्ट चढाई की शुरुआत कर दी और फिर 52 दिनों की दुश्वार चढ़ाई और ठंड से कपा देने वाली बर्फ को पार करते हुए एक नए उचाई की इबारत लिखते हुए अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने 21 मई 2013 को माउंट एवेरेस्ट फतह कर लिया और इतिहास में प्रथम विकलांग महिला एवेरस्ट फतह करने वाली महिला / Handicaped First Woman to Climb Mount Everst  बन गयी

जब अरुणिमा सिन्हा अपने लक्ष्य की तरह आगे बढ़ते जाती तो रास्तो में अनेक प्रकार के कठिनाईयो का सामना करना पड़ता तो इनके साथ के स्टाफ बोलते अब रुक जाओ यहाँ तक आ गयी हो वही एक रिकॉर्ड है लेकिन अरुणिमा सिन्हा कहा मानने वाली थी वे कहती की किस्मत तो सबको अपने पैर देता है लेकिन मेरे पास तो लोहे के पैर है जो इन चट्टानों को आसानी से पार कर लेगी इसी बुलन्द हौसलो से अरुणिमा सिन्हा अपने लक्ष्य में विजयी हुई और दुनिया के सबसे उची चोटी अपर अपने विजय फतह का पताका फहराया. जिनके बुलन्द हौसलो के आगे बड़े से बड़े दिग्गज भी अरुणिमा सिन्हा को सलाम करते है

अरुणिमा सिन्हा भी चाहती तो औरो की तरह अपनी कमजोरी को अपनी बेबसी और लाचारी मानकर चुपचाप बैठ जाती और जिंदगी में कभी आगे नही बढ़ पाती और पूरा जीवन दुसरो के सहारे गुजरना पड़ता लेकिन एवरेस्ट से भी ऊँचा हौसला रखने वाली अरुणिमा सिन्हा ने अपने जीवन में कभी हार नही मानी, मुश्किल हालात सबके जीवन में आते है लेकिन विजयी वही होता है जिनके इरादे बुलन्द होते है ऐसी सोच रखने वाली अरुणिमा सिन्हा जैसे ही लोग हमारे देश भारत की शान है जो हर मुश्किलो का सामना करते हुए विजयपथ की ओर बढ़ते जाते है और हम सभी के जीवन में अँधेरे में भी प्रकाश की आशा दिखाते है

दोस्तों हम सभी के जीवन में कभी न कभी मुश्किल हालात जरूर आते है लेकिन हमे कभी भी किसी भी परिस्थिति में अपने हौसलो को कम नही होने देना चाहिए और जो लोग इन परिस्थितियों का सामना डटककर करते है वही लोग विजयपथ पार अग्रसर होते है

आप सभी को अरुणिमा सिन्हा की प्रेरित करने वाली कहानी कैसा लगा प्लीज हमे जरूर बताये 

History of all PM in Indian

Brief History : Prime Minister, according to the Constitution of India, is considered head of the Council of Ministers, Chief Counselor of the President of India, and person in-charge of the majority party in the parliament. The PM is appointed by the president to support administration affairs as an executive. In short, Prime Minister leads the administrative branch of the Government. For example, current Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi of the Bharatiya Janata Party is prime authority to run the Indian Government.

The prime minister has power to select and deselect members of the cabinet. Moreover, he can distribute posts to members within the Government. He is a presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing proposal of legislation. The resignation or death of the prime minister dissolves the cabinet.

Since 1947, India has had fifteen prime ministers</strong> (including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role). Nehru remains Indias longest-serving prime minister. Morarji Desai was the first non-Congress prime minister. Narender Modi is considered most favorite prime minister of all time. Rajiv Gandhi was Indias youngest Prime Minister with great personality. Below is the complete list of the Prime Ministers of India.

1.) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru  was the first Prime Minister of India and a vital stature in Indian politics. Pt. Nehru got graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, where he got trained to be a barrister. He emerged as one of the chief and popular leader of the Indian independence movement under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi. Pt. Nehru is considered to be the pillar of the modern and free Indian national State. As Prime Minister, he set out to recognize his vision of India by introducing Constitution of India in 1950, thereafter embarking ambitious agenda on economic, social and political reforms. Under Nehrus leadership, the Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national and state-level politics and winning consecutive elections in 1951, 1957, and 1962. During his life span, he was popularly known as Pandit Nehru or as Panditji (Respected Scholar), even many Indian children called him as Chacha Nehru; and celebrates his birthday as Childrens Day. He died in year 1964 at the age of 74.

2.) Gulzarilal Nanda

was born on 4 July 1898 in Sialkot in the Punjab Province of British India into a Punjabi Hindu family. He was the second Prime Minister of India for two short periods following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. Both of his term ended within few days (in next to no time as new prime minister got elected). He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, Indias highest civilian award, in 1997. He worked more as a temporary Prime Minister of India, but known to be one of the most modest people to have graced the Parliament. He died in the year 1999 at the age of 99.

3.) Lal Bahadur Shastri

was born in 1904 at Mughalsarai, Varanasi. He was the Third Prime Minister of the Republic of India and a leader of the Indian National Congress party. Shastri joined the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. Deeply impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, he became a loyal follower, first of Gandhi, and then of Jawaharlal Nehru. And was the reason that he became the next prime minister. During his tenure he continued Nehrus policies of non-alignment and socialism. Before PM he worked as a first Railways Minister (1951–56), and then in a variety of other functions, including Home Minister. His popular slogan Jai Jawan! Jai Kishan! Echo even today throughout the country. His sudden death at the age of just 61 has led to many conspiracy theories that he was poisoned.

4.) Indira Gandhi

daughter of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru was the fourth Prime Minister of India and an essential stature in the Indian National Congress party. She was born in 19 November 1917 in Allahabad in a Kashmiri Pandit family. She served the nation from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her killing in 1984. She is the second longest serving Prime Minister and the only Indian woman to hold the office. She claimed that only clear vision, iron will and the strictest discipline can remove poverty and corruption. In 1972, Gandhi granted statehood to Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura, while the North-East Frontier Agency was declared a union territory and renamed Arunachal Pradesh. The transition to statehood for these territories was successfully overseen by her administration. During her tenure there was famous Indo-Pak War and Blue Star Operation. She died in 1984 at the age 66.

5.) Morarji Desai

born on 29 Feb 1896 was a prominent Indian independence campaigner and the fifth Prime Minister of India from 1977  1979. He was also the first Prime Minister to head Indias first non-Congress Government, as a leader of Janata Party. He held many important posts in the Government of India such as: Chief Minister of Bombay State, Home Minister, Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India. Nationally, he played crucial role in Indian nuclear program when it was targeted by major nuclear power countries after conducting a surprise test in 1974. Morarji Desai closed down much of Indias premier intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), and reduced its budget and operations. Desai was the only Indian national to be conferred with Pakistans highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, which was conferred on him by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 in a lively ceremony. Shortly, his policies promoted social, health and administrative reforms in the nation.

6.) Charan Singh

born on 29 May 1902, he was the sixth Prime Minister of India, serving from 28 July 1979 until 14 January 1980. He was born in a Jat family in Hapur District in Uttar Pradesh. He entered politics as part of the Independence Movement. He was the leader of the Bharatiya Lok Dal Party. And soon after freedom, he became notable in the year 1950s for opposing and winning a battle against Jawaharlal Nehrus socialistic  collectivist land use policies (for the sake of the Indian Farmer) which endeared him to the agrarian communities all through the nation, particularly in Uttar Pradesh. Charan Singh holds the record of being the sole Prime Minister of India who did not face the Lok Sabha even for a single day during his short tenure of just a month. His work tenure was of just 170 days due to withdraw of congress support. He died in 1987 at the age of 84.

7.) Rajiv Gandhi

was born in the year 1944. He was the seventh  youngest Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took Congress office after assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Rajiv after completing his studies  training returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the nation owned Indian Airlines. And In 1968, got married to Albina Maino (later changed her name to Sonia Gandhi) from Italy.  He came out to be the very popular, smart  intelligent politician during his tenure. And was also circle around various Controversies like Bofors scandal, Shah Bano case, Allegations of black money, Anti-Sikh riots, Funding from KGB, etc. Rajiv Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the LTTE. He died in 1991 at the immature age of 46.

8.) V.P. Singh

Vishwanath Pratap Singh was born in year the 25 June 1931. He was the eighth Prime Minister of India (1989–90) and the 41st nominal Raja Bahadur (ruler) of the northern kingdom of Manda. He even worked in much government imminent posts. He is known for demanding of upliftment of Indias lower castes and BPL people in his short term as Prime Minister. He even got popular after sacrificing his post from Minister of Finance before PM. Singh founded the Janata Dal Party by the merger of Lok Dal, Jan Morcha, Janata Party and Congress, in order to bring together all the centrist parties conflicting to the Rajiv Gandhi government, and VP Singh was elected the President of the Janata Dal. He died in 2008 at the age of 77.

9.) Chandra Shekhar Singh

Was born 1 July 1927 in Ballia District of Uttar Pradesh. He was known as an agitator in college politics and started his political career with Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia. In 1955–56, he took over as general secretary of the Janata party. And immediately after the Emergency he became the first President of the Janata Party. With the support of Congress headed by Rajiv Gandhi, he replaced V.P. Singh as the ninth Prime Minister of India in November 1990. Keeping up to his promise Chandra Shekhars government was efficient and well run during most of its brief tenure, which included the run up and fighting of the Gulf War of 1990–91. But in the spring of 1991, Former Prime Minister Rajeev Gandhi decided to precipitate a new election in which he would retake power. He died in the year 2007 at the age of 80

10.) P.V. Narasimha Rao

Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao was born in the year 28 June 1921 in Karimnagar in Telangana State. He was the famous Indian lawyer and politician who served as the tenth Prime Minister of India from year 1991 to 1996. Narasimha Rao was the dynamic freedom fighter during the Indian Independence movement and joined permanent politics after independence as a member of the Indian National Congress. He held many administrative posts in Indian Government before becoming PM. He was the first non Hindi language speaking PM from south India. He was intellectual person and is often referred to as the Father of Indian Economic Reforms”. He was even famous for speaking 17 different languages. Liberalizing Indian economy he appointed an economist, Dr. Manmohan Singh, a former Prime Minister of India, as Finance Minister to accomplish his goals. He died in 2004 of a heart attack in New Delhi at the age of 83.

11.) Atal Bihari Vajpayee

was born in 25 December 1924 in brahmin family in Gwalior. He was the eleventh Prime Minister of India. He served the nation for two periods, first as PM for 13 days in 1996 and then for 6 years from 1998 to 2004. He became the popular leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the first Prime Minister from outside the Congress party to serve for full five year term. Before PM he worked as Minister of External Affairs in the cabinet of Morarji Desai. When Janata government collapsed, Vajpayee restarted the Jana Sangh as the Bharatiya Janata Party in 1980. On 25 December 2014 the office of President of India announced the Bharat Ratna award, Indias highest civilian honour, to Vajpayee and in a special gesture later presented Bharat Ratna to him in his residence on 27th March 2015. He was well known for speaking bold Hindi language  poetry. His birthday on 25 December was even declared as Good Governance Day

12.) H.D. Deve Gowda

Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda was born in the year 18 May 1933 in Mysore. He is the 12th Prime Minister of India from June 1996 to April 1997. He even was Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. Deve Gowda was twice the President of state unit of the Janata Party and served as a minister in the Janata Party Government in Karnataka headed by Shri Ramakrishna Hegde from 1983 to 1988. He is a member of the 16th Lok Sabha representing the Hassan constituency of Karnataka, is the National President of the Janata Dal Party, and enjoys strong support in Vokkaliga community which is at the forefront of the state politics.

13.) I.K. Gujral

was born on 4 December 1919 to in Jhelum in present day Pakistan. Inder Kumar Gujral served as the thirteenth Prime Minister of India from April 1997 to March 1998. He participated in the Indian independence movement and was jailed in 1942 during the Quit India Movement. As a student he became a member of the Communist Party of India. Gujral was the third PM to be from the Rajya Sabha, the first being Indira Gandhi and the second H. D. Deve Gowda. He resigned from the Indian National Congress party in the 1980s and then joined the Janata Dal Party. His tenure as PM was just of one year. He died in 2012 at the age of 92.

14.) Manmohan Singh

was born in the year 26 September 1932 in Gah (now in Pakistan). He is well-known as bright Indian economist who also served as the 14^th Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He was the first Sikh as a Prime Minister and the Second PM to complete full continuous 10 year term. After attaining his doctorate in economics from Oxford, he worked for the United Nations in 1966–69. He as a Finance Minister carried out numerous structural reforms that liberalised Indias financial system. His ideas proved successful in preventing the crisis and uplifted his reputation internationally as a leading reform-minded economist. In a surprise move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi declared Manmohan Singh as the UPA candidate for the Prime Ministership. His public image got stained with his government having been accused of various corruption scandals like 2G spectrum scam, Commonwealth Games Scam, Indian coal allocation scam, etc. and opposition demanded his resignation for his supposed role in all this.

15.) Narendra Damodardas Modi

was born in the year 17 September 1950 in Mehsana district in Gujarat. He is the current  15th Prime Minister of India. He came out as the strongest leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), who formerly worked for 14 continuous years as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. Due to his audacious popularity, he alone gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha. He as a Hindu nationalist is also the member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). His government in Gujarat was criticized worldwide for its failure to prevent the 2002 Gujarat riots. Although Modis economic policies have been praised and credited with encouraging economic growth in Gujarat. Modi was a candidate from two constituencies: Varanasi  Vadodara. He was supported by the many spiritual leaders including Ramdev and Morari Bapu. Even some economists like Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, were impressed by his economics strategies.

g20 summit 2018

2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit
Host country = Argentina
Date = 2018
Cities = Buenos Aires
Participants = G20 members
Follows = 2017 G20 Hamburg summit

We thank Germany for hosting a successful Hamburg summit," it said after the summit, rocked by unprecedented violence as protestors clashed with riot police outside, "and look forward to meeting again in Argentina in 2018, in Japan in 2019 and in Saudi Arabia in 2020."

Under the terms of the revolving presidency G20 hosts can set the summit agenda and Germany this year used the opportunity to focus on developing partnerships with Africa.

In 2015, Turkey addressed how to tackle migration as the worst refugee crisis Europe has known since World War II threatened to overwhelm the region.

The 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit will be the thirteenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20). It will be held in 2018 in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina). It will be the first-ever G20 summit to be hosted in South America.

In Philippines, PM Narendra Modi meets President Donald Trump

Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in the Philippines today as he began a foreign trip that will see him attend the 15th ASEAN-India Summit and 12th East Asia summit.

Soon after his arrival in the Filipino capital of Manila, PM Modi informally met a number of foreign leaders, including United States of America President Donald Trump, with whom the Prime Minister is scheduled to hold a bilateral meeting tomorrow.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi today reached Philippines capital Manila where he is scheduled to attend  ASEAN-India and East Asia summits along with other world leaders.  During the ASEAN summit issues like North Korea’s nuclear missile tests and China’s  military interference in the disputed South China are expected to come up for discussion, PTI said. He is also scheduled to meet a number of world leaders including US President Donald Trump, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Russian Premier Dmitry Medvedev, the agency added.

9:05 PM: Narendra Modi was seen chit-chatting with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak at the reception for the leaders who have arrived here for the 31st ASEAN summit and related meetings.

8:45 PM: There have been concerns over China’s growing military presence in the Indo-Pacific and the issue was understood to have figured in a meeting of officials from India, the US, Japan and Australia today under the proposed Quadrilateral coalition of the four countries, PTI said.

8:30 PM: Leaders of the 10-member ASEAN, China, Russia, Japan, Canada, South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand arrived for a glitzy gala dinner where they were entertained by singers and dancers, Reuters said.

8:20 PM: “The South China Sea is better left untouched, nobody can afford to go to war. It can ill-afford a violent confrontation,” Reuters quoted him as saying further.

8:10 PM: “We have to be friends, the other hotheads would like us to confront China and the rest of the world on so many issues,” Duterte said as per Reuters.

7:55 PM: Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte set the tone of cordiality ahead of the two days of summit meetings he will host, suggesting that despite their differences over claims to the South China Sea, the leaders should not discuss the issue, agency reported.

7:45 PM: Manila hosted the APEC summit two years ago. At that meeting Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau won a Twitter poll with the hashtag #APEChottie that asked people to vote for the most attractive leader there, Reuters report said.

7:35 PM:  On Tuesday, Modi will attend the ASEAN-India and East Asia summits where he is likely to reassert India’s push for crafting a global approach to deal with growing challenge of terrorism and radicalisation besides pitching for steps to boost regional trade, PTI added.

7:25 PM: “PM @narendramodi had a warm and cordial conversation with the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Gala Dinner,” MEA
spokesperson Raveesh Kumar tweeted.

7:15 PM: On Tuesday, Modi will attend the ASEAN-India and East Asia summits where he is likely to reassert India’s push for crafting a global approach to deal with growing challenge of terrorism and radicalisation besides pitching for steps to boost regional trade, the agency added.

7:05 pm: The menu of the gala dinner featured various Filipino cuisines including Filipino steak sushi, PTI said.

6:55 PM: The prime minister as well as all other leaders wore Barong Tagalong, an embroidered shirt which is the national dress of the Philippines. Renowned Filipino designer Albert Andrada has designed the shirts, PTI said.

6:43 PM: Hong Kong signed a free-trade pact and an investment deal with the ASEAN in agreents that it says are a vote against protectionism elsewhere, AP reported.

6:33 PM: PM Narendra Modi is scheduled to have a bilateral meeting with Donald Trump and Shinzo Abe tomorrow. issues related to security scenario in the Indo-Pacific region may figure in meetings, reports PTI.

6:20 PM: This is PM Narendra Modi’s first visit to Philippines.

6:14 PM: Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping spoke separately about the territorial rifts ahead of an annual summit of
Southeast Asian nations, AP reported.

6:06 PM: “If I can help mediate or arbitrate, please let me know… I am a very good mediator,” Dold Trump told Vietnamese President Tran Dai Quang during today, as per news agency.

6:04 PM: US President Donald Trump has told his Vietnamese counterpart that he is ready to help resolve the dispute in South China Sea, AFP said.

6:00 PM: PM Narendra Modi and US President Donald Trump to hold a bilateral meeting tomorrow at 1 pm.

5:50 PM: On the sidelines of the main events, Prime Minister Modi is likely to have a series of bilateral meetings with a number of leaders including US President Donald Trump, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Russian Premier Dmitry Medvedev.

5:45 PM: Prime Minister Modi meets Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in Manila ahead of summit.

info about GST in hindi

GST कानून बनने की पूरी कहानी

जीएसटी को बहुत लंबे इंतजार के बाद लागू किया गया है. असल में ये एक ऐसा टैक्स रिफॉर्म है जिसके लिए गंभीर कोशिश 2003 से ही शुरू हो गई थी. 1954 में फ्रांस ने इसे सबसे पहले लागू किया और आज इसे दुनिया के 150 से ज्यादा देश लागू कर चुके हैं. आइए आपको बताते हैं कि देश कैसे-कैसे टैक्स सुधारों से होते हुए आज जीएसटी तक पहुंचा है.

14 अगस्त 1947 को जिस अंदाज में तत्कालीन प्रधानमंत्री जवाहरलाल नेहरू ने आजादी का ऐलान किया था, कुछ उसी अंदाज में, संसद के उसी 

सेंट्रल हॉल से जीएसटी का आगाज. संविधान में बदलाव कर लाया गया सबसे बड़ा टैक्स रिफॉर्म जीएसटी, इतिहास और वर्तमान संबंध की बेहतरीन बानगी है. देश में जीएसटी और एक देश, एक टैक्स के सिद्धांत की तलाश करें, तो भी इतिहास में कम से कम चार दशक का सफर बनता है. शायद इसीलिए प्रधानमंत्री और वित्त मंत्री ने सभी दलों और पूर्व की सरकारों को इसका श्रेय दिया.

सबसे पहले 1978 में आरबीआई के पूर्व गवर्नर एल के झा के नेतृत्व में इनडायरेक्ट टैक्सेसन कमिटी ने मॉडिफाइड वैल्यू एडेड टैक्स की वकालत की. इसी सूत्र को आगे बढ़ाते हुए राजीव गांधी सरकार में वित्त मंत्री विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह ने 1986 में कई तरह के एक्साइज के कैस्केडिंग इफेक्ट को समाप्त करने वाला मॉडिफाइड वैल्यू एडेड टैक्स मॉडवैट लागू किया. 1991-92 में नरसिंह राव सरकार में वित्त मंत्री मनमोहन सिंह ने राजा चेलैया टैक्स सुधार समिति बनाई जिसने वैल्यू एडेड टैक्स यानि वैट की वकालत की. उसी समिति की सिफारिशों के मुताबिक साल 1994 में पहली बार सर्विस टैक्स भी लागू किया गया.

1997 में देवगौड़ा सरकार के दौरान वित्त मंत्री पी चिदंबरम ने बजट में पीक कस्टम ड्यूटी 50 फीसदी से घटाकर 40 फीसदी की, जिसे टैक्स स्ट्रक्चर को सरल बनाने के मामले में एक बड़ा कदम माना जाता है. 1999 में अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी की सरकार में वित्त मंत्री यशवंत सिन्हा ने टैक्स रिफॉर्म की गाड़ी आगे बढ़ाई और देश में वैट लाने के प्रयास शुरू हुए. इसी सरकार के दौरान 1 अप्रैल 2002 से वैट लागू करने की घोषणा हुई. लेकिन व्यापारियों के विरोध के चलते इसे 1 अप्रैल 2003 तक टाल दिया गया.

2003 में जब वित्त मंत्रालय का जिम्मा जसवंत सिंह के पास था, तो वित्तीय सुधारों के लिए बनाए गए एक टास्क फोर्स के निष्कर्ष में जीएसटी का पहला स्वरुप सामने आया जिसमें राज्यों के लिए 7 फीसदी और केंद्र के लिए 5 फीसदी टैक्स रेट की बात थी. साल 2007 के बजट में तत्कालीन वित्त मंत्री पी चिदंबरम ने अप्रैल 2010 से जीएसटी लागू करने की घोषणा की और एंपावर्ड कमिटी बनाकर सहमति के प्रयास शुरू किए गए.

2009-10 में तेरहवें वित्त आयोग ने अपनी सिफारिशों में जीएसटी के लिए गुंजाइश बनाई. 2011 में राष्ट्रपति प्रणब मुखर्जी ने, जो तत्कालीन वित्त मंत्री थे, जीएसटी के लिए संविधान संशोधन बिल पेश किया. तब प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी गुजरात के मुख्यमंत्री थे और उन्होंने इसका तीखा विरोध किया था.

यूपीए की सरकार 2014 के चुनाव आने तक जीएसटी बिल पर सहमति नहीं बना पाई और बिल लैप्स हो गया. वित्त मंत्री अरुण जेटली के नेतृत्व में नरेंद्र मोदी सरकार ने जीएसटी पर नए सिरे से प्रयास किए और नियति के इस मंच पर जीएसटी अब एक हकीकत है, पहली बार संसद में जीएसटी का बिल रखने वाले वित्त मंत्री प्रणब मुखर्जी देश के राष्ट्रपति हैं और तब इसका प्रखर विरोध करने वाले गुजरात के मुख्यमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी देश के प्रधानमंत्री.

Download GST Book in Hindi
Download Basic Info about GST in Gujrati

winner of bharatratn

ભારતરત્ન મેળવનાર

મેળવનાર 

1)      સી.રાજગોપાલાચારી(1954).

2)      ડૉ. સર્વપલ્લી રાધાકૃષ્ણને(1954).

3)      ડૉ. સી.વી.રામન(1954).

4)      ડૉ. ભગવાનદાસ(1955).

5)      ડૉ. વિશ્વેશ્વરૈયા(1955).

6)      પં. જવાહરલાલ નહેરુ(1955).

7)      ગોવિંદ વલ્લભ પંત(1957).

8)      ઘોન્ડો કેશવ કર્વ(1958).

9)      પુરષોતમદાસ ટંડન(1961).

10)   ડૉ. વિધાનચંદ્ર રોય(1961).

11)   ડૉ. રાજેન્દ્ર પ્રસાદ(1962).

12)   ડૉ. ઝાકીર હુસૈને(1963).

13)   ડૉ. પી.વી.કાણે(1963).

14)   લાલબહાદુર શાસ્ત્રી(મરણોત્તર,1966).

15)   શ્રીમતી ઇન્દિરા ગાંધી(1971).

16)   ડૉ. વી.વી.ગીરી(1975).

17)   કામરાજ નાદર(મરણોત્તર,1976).

18)   મધર ટેરેસા(1980).

19)   વિનોબા ભાવે(મરણોત્તર,1983).

20)   ખાન અબ્દુલ ગફારખાન(1987).

21)   એમ.જી.રામચંદ્રન(મરણોત્તર,1988)હિમરાઓ.

22)   ડૉ.ભીમરાવ આંબેડકર(મરણોત્તર,1990).

23)   ડૉ.નેલ્સન મંડેલા(1990).

24)   મોરારજી દેસાઇ(મરણોત્તર,1991).

25)   રાજીવ ગાંધી(મરણોત્તર,1991).

26)   સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ(મરણોત્તર,1991).

27)   ડૉ. જે. આર. ડી. ટાટા(1992).

28)   સત્યજીતે રે(1992).

29)   મૌલાનાઅબ્દુલ કલામ આઝાદ(મરણોત્તર,1992).

30)   સુભાષચંદ્ર બોઝ(1993).

31)   ગુલઝારીલાલ નંદા(મરણોત્તર,1997).

32)   શ્રીમતી અરુણા આસફઅલી(મરણોત્તર,1997).

33)   એમ.એસ.સુબ્બુલક્ષ્મી(1998).

34)   સી.એસ.સૂભ્રમણ્યમ(1998).

35)   ડૉ. એ. પી. જે અબ્દુલ કલામ(1998).

36)   જયપ્રકાશ નારાયણ(મરણોત્તર,1999).

37)   ડૉ. અમર્ત્યસેન(1999).

38)   પંડિત રવિશંકર(1999).

39)   ગોપીનાથ બોરડોલાઇ(1999).

40)   લતા મંગેશકેર(2001).

41)   ઉસ્તાદ બિસ્મિલ્લાખાન(2001).

42)   પં. ભીમસેન જોશી(2009).

43)   સી.એન.આર .રાવ(2013).

44)   સચિન તેંડુલકર(2013).

45)   અટલ બિહારી બાજપેય(2015). 

46)  પં. મદનમોહન મલવિયા(2015).